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Primary sources
The laws, frameworks and standards our reviews map to, linked directly at their official publishers.
European Union
European Parliament and Council of the European Union
The binding EU law on artificial intelligence. It sorts AI systems by risk, bans certain practices, and sets obligations for high-risk systems and general-purpose AI models.
Official source: eur-lex.europa.eu
European Union
European Parliament and Council of the European Union
The July 2026 amendment that simplifies how the AI Act is implemented, including later application dates for high-risk obligations. Read it alongside the AI Act.
Official source: eur-lex.europa.eu
European Union
European Commission
The Commission's overview of the AI Act, with its timeline, guidelines, codes of practice and implementation updates.
Official source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu
European Union
European Commission
The Commission body that oversees general-purpose AI models and supports consistent application of the AI Act across member states.
Official source: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu
United States
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
A voluntary framework for managing AI risk, organized around four functions: Govern, Map, Measure and Manage.
Official source: www.nist.gov
United States
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Suggested actions, references and documentation practices for each outcome in the AI RMF.
Official source: airc.nist.gov
United States
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
A companion profile to the AI RMF that describes risks specific to generative AI and the actions organizations can take to manage them.
Official source: nvlpubs.nist.gov
Singapore
Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) and IMDA
Voluntary, practical guidance for organizations deploying AI, covering internal governance, the level of human involvement, operations management and stakeholder communication.
Official source: www.pdpc.gov.sg
Singapore
Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) and AI Verify Foundation
Nine dimensions for a trusted generative AI ecosystem, from accountability and data to incident reporting, testing, security and content provenance.
Official source: www.imda.gov.sg
Singapore
AI Verify Foundation, a not-for-profit subsidiary of IMDA
An AI governance testing framework and open-source toolkit that helps organizations check their AI systems against internationally recognized principles.
Published by the IMDA-backed foundation, not a government ministry.
Official source: aiverifyfoundation.sg
United Kingdom
UK Government (Department for Science, Innovation and Technology)
The UK's principles-based approach, under which existing regulators apply five cross-sector principles to AI in their own sectors.
Official source: www.gov.uk
United Kingdom
UK Government (Department for Science, Innovation and Technology)
The UK government body that researches and evaluates the security risks of advanced AI and publishes its findings.
Official source: www.aisi.gov.uk
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Data and AI Authority
The national authority for data and AI in Saudi Arabia. It publishes the Kingdom's AI ethics principles and related guidance.
Official source: sdaia.gov.sa
International
ISO and IEC (joint committee ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42)
The international standard that sets requirements for an AI management system, using the Plan-Do-Check-Act approach familiar from other ISO management standards.
A paid international standard published by ISO, not a government publication.
Official source: www.iso.org
International
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
The first intergovernmental standard on AI, which promotes innovative, trustworthy AI that respects human rights and democratic values.
Official source: oecd.ai
Take the free AI Pulse for an indicative read against these frameworks, or talk to us about an evidence-based review.